Measure two things before you look at any product: the width of the opening, and the width of the wooden trim at the top corner if there is any. Those two numbers decide everything else.
If you have wooden trim between 1/2 and 1 inch
Bracket systems become available, and they are the highest-capacity damage-free option for a window: 20 lb published, enough for lined and blackout drapes, with the curtain hanging outside the opening where it actually blocks light. They tap in with a hammer and lift off at move-out. The manufacturer is explicit about what they will not work on -- hardwoods like oak, PVC, crown molding, MDF and metal trim -- which is more honesty than this category usually offers.
If you have no trim, or the wrong kind
Tension is the answer, and the rating varies enormously by model. One spring tension rod we cover publishes 22 lb; a twist-and-fit publishes 4 lb at 28-48 inches and 7 lb at 48-84; a light multipack publishes 2.33 lb. Read the figure for the exact model rather than the category, and remember the geometric constraint: a tension rod lives inside the reveal, so your curtain cannot overhang the window and you lose some light control at the edges. The load figures are collected in how much weight a tension rod holds.
If you are hanging blinds rather than curtains
No-drill blind options exist and mount inside the frame, and the trade-off against drilled blinds is mostly about how much window you lose and how well the fit holds over time. No-drill vs drilled blinds lays out both sides.
The practical method -- what to buy, in what order, and how to hang the curtain once you have it -- is in how to hang curtains without drilling. Tension products turn up in other rooms too: the same mechanism runs a shower caddy and a closet rod in apartment closet organization.